Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions
PrintMaking Inferences and Justifying Conclusions treats statistics as a formal process of reasoning from samples to populations. Simulation, randomization, and understanding sampling variability underpin the logic of statistical inference. Reports and studies are evaluated for design quality, bias, and the validity of their conclusions.
Example Problems
What is the critical value for constructing a 90% confidence interval?
A restaurant states that no more than 10% of its takeout orders are prepared incorrectly. A food blogger thinks the true error rate is higher. They sample recent orders to investigate.
Let represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.
State the null hypothesis, , for this test.
Let represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.
State the null hypothesis, , for this test.
The parks department will repaint 5 of 50 trail markers. They number the markers and use the random digit table printed below to choose a simple random sample.
Which markers are in the sample?
Which markers are in the sample?
What is the critical value for constructing a 95% confidence interval?
Priya was testing versus with a sample of 12 observations. Her test statistic was . Assume that the conditions for inference were met.
What is the approximate P-value for Priya's test?
Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.
What is the approximate P-value for Priya's test?
Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.

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