N-CN: The Complex Number System

The Complex Number System

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The Complex Number System introduces i as the square root of -1 and extends arithmetic to complex numbers in standard form. Operations on complex numbers, including multiplication, conjugates, and moduli, are practiced and connected to polynomial factoring. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra establishes that every polynomial has roots in the complex number system.

N-CN.1Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = –1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.N-CN.2Use the relation i^2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.N-CN.3(+) Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.N-CN.4(+) Represent complex numbers on the complex plane in rectangular and polar form (including real and imaginary numbers), and explain why the rectangular and polar forms of a given complex number represent the same number.N-CN.5(+) Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, and conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on the complex plane; use properties of this representation for computation. For example, (1 – root 3i)3 = 8 because (1 – root 3i) has modulus 2 and argument 120°.N-CN.6(+) Calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as the modulus of the difference, and the midpoint of a segment as the average of the numbers at its endpoints.N-CN.7Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.N-CN.8(+) Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. For example, rewrite x^2 + 4 as (x + 2i)(x – 2i).N-CN.9(+) Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials.
Example Problems
Simplify:
Simplify:
Divide the following complex numbers.


What is the imaginary part of x?
Consider the complex number:

What is
?
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