S-IC: S-IC

S-IC

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S-IC.1Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population.S-IC.2Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, e.g., using simulation. For example, a model says a spinning coin falls heads up with probability 0.5. Would a result of 5 tails in a row cause you to question the model?S-IC.3Recognize the purposes of and differences among sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain how randomization relates to each.S-IC.4Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling.S-IC.5Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant.S-IC.6Evaluate reports based on data.
Example Problems
What is the critical value for constructing a 90% confidence interval for a mean with 18 degrees of freedom?
A significance test is going to be performed using a significance level of . Suppose that the alternative hypothesis is actually true.

If the
significance level was raised to , which of the following would be true?
The
power of the test would: increase, decrease, or stay the same.
A school chooses 3 randomly selected athletes from each of its sports teams to participate in a survey about athletics at the school.

What type of sample is this:
simple random sample, stratified random sample, cluster random sample, or systematic random sample?
What is the critical value for constructing a 90% confidence interval?
A restaurant states that no more than 10% of its takeout orders are prepared incorrectly. A food blogger thinks the true error rate is higher. They sample recent orders to investigate.

Let
represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.

State the
null hypothesis, , for this test.
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