N-CN

N-CN.1Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = -1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.N-CN.2Use the relation i^2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.N-CN.3Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.N-CN.4Represent complex numbers on the complex plane in rectangular and polar form (including real and imaginary numbers), and explain why the rectangular and polar forms of a given complex number represent the same number.N-CN.5Represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, and conjugation of complex numbers geometrically on the complex plane; use properties of this representation for computation. For example, (–1 + √3 i)^3 = 8 because (–1 + √3 i) has modulus 2 and argument 120°.N-CN.6Calculate the distance between numbers in the complex plane as the modulus of the difference, and the midpoint of a segment as the average of the numbers at its endpoints.N-CN.7Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.N-CN.8Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. For example, rewrite x^2 + 4 as (x + 2i)(x – 2i).N-CN.9Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials.
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