M.1: Grade 1

Grade 1

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Grade 1 covers addition and subtraction within 20, including word problems set in real contexts and equations with unknown values in any position. Place value concepts anchor the work: students see two-digit numbers as bundles of tens and ones, compare them using symbols, and add within 100 using place value strategies. Measurement, telling time, organizing data, and describing and composing shapes round out the year.

M.1.1Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem).M.1.10Understand the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases:M.1.11Compare two two-digit numbers based on meanings of the tens and ones digits, recording the results of comparisons with the symbols >, =, and <.M.1.12Add within 100, includingM.1.13Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to count and explain the reasoning used.M.1.14Subtract multiples of 10 in the range 10-90 from multiples of 10 in the range 10-90 (positive or zero differences) using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. Relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.M.1.15Order three objects by length and compare the lengths of two objects indirectly by using a third object.M.1.16Express the length of an object as a whole number of length units, by laying multiple copies of a shorter object (the length unit) end to end; understand that the length measurement of an object is the number of same-size length units that span it with no gaps or overlaps.M.1.17Tell and write time in hours and half-hours using analog and digital clocks.M.1.18Organize, represent, interpret data with up to three categories; ask and answer questions about the total number of data points, how many in each category and how many more or less are in one category than in another.M.1.19Distinguish between defining attributes (e.g., triangles are closed and three-sided) versus non-defining attributes (e.g., color, orientation, and/or overall size); build and draw shapes to possess defining attributes.M.1.2Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20 (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem).M.1.20Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, and quarter-circles) or three-dimensional shapes (cubes, right rectangular prisms, right circular cones, and right circular cylinders) to create a composite shape and compose new shapes from the composite shape.M.1.21Partition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares, describe the shares using the words halves, fourths and quarters and use the phrases half of, fourth of and quarter of. Describe the whole as two of, or four of the shares and understand for these examples that decomposing into more equal shares creates smaller shares.M.1.3Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract (e.g., If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known: Commutative Property of Addition. To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12: Associative Property of Addition).M.1.4Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem (e.g., subtract 10 – 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8).M.1.5Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).M.1.6Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10 and use strategies such asM.1.7Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false (e.g., Which of the following equations are true and which are false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 – 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2).M.1.8Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers (e.g., Determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations. 8 + ? = 11, 5 = ? – 3, 6 + 6 = ?).M.1.9Count to 120, starting at any number less than 120. In this range, read and write numerals and represent a number of objects with a written numeral.M.1.GGeometryM.1.MDMeasurement and DataM.1.NBTNumber and Operations in Base TenM.1.OAOperations and Algebraic Thinking
Example Problems
The frequency table shows how many cups of coffee employees drank at work:

Cups of CoffeeNumber of Employees
02
16
24
32
41


Which number of cups was least common?
Are both trapezoids and parallelograms quadrilaterals?
Solve the equation:
Goblins

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