S-IC: Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions

Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions

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Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions addresses the logic of statistical reasoning: understanding that sample statistics estimate population parameters and that simulation can model random variation. The second cluster covers the design of surveys, experiments, and observational studies and how margin of error and p-values quantify uncertainty.

S-IC.AUnderstand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experimentsS-IC.BMake inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies
Example Problems
A restaurant states that no more than 10% of its takeout orders are prepared incorrectly. A food blogger thinks the true error rate is higher. They sample recent orders to investigate.

Let
represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.

State the
null hypothesis, , for this test.
A smartphone manufacturer claims an average battery life of 10 hours on a standard test. A reviewer tests a random sample of 49 phones and finds a sample mean battery life of 9.3 hours with a sample standard deviation of 1.4 hours.

The reviewer wants to use these sample data to conduct a
t test on the mean. Assume that all conditions for inference have been met.

Calculate the
test statistic for their test.
What is the critical value for constructing a 90% confidence interval for a mean with 18 degrees of freedom?
What is the critical value for constructing a 95% confidence interval for a mean from a sample size of observations?
The parks department will repaint 5 of 50 trail markers. They number the markers and use the random digit table printed below to choose a simple random sample.

Which markers are in the sample?
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