Operations and Algebraic Thinking

3.OA.1Interpret products of whole numbers, (e.g. interpret 5⋅7 as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each.)3.OA.2Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers, (e.g. interpret 568 as the number of objects in each share when 56 objects are partitioned equally into 8 shares, or as a number of shares when 56 objects are partitioned into equal shares of 8 objects each.)3.OA.3Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, (e.g. by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.)3.OA.4Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation by using related equations. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8⋅? = 48; 5 = ∎÷3; 6 x 6=___3.OA.5Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide. Examples: If 6⋅4=24 is known, then 4⋅6=24 is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) 3⋅5⋅2 can be found by 3⋅5=15, then 15⋅2=30, or by 5⋅2=10, then 3⋅10=30. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that 8⋅5=40 and 8⋅2=16, one can find 8⋅7 as 8⋅(5+2)=(8⋅5)+(8⋅2)=40+16=56. (Distributive property.) Students need not use formal terms for these properties.3.OA.6Understand division as an unknown-factor problem. For example, find 328 by finding the number that makes 32 when multiplied by 8.3.OA.7Fluently (efficiently, accurately, and flexibly) multiply and divide with single digit multiplications and related divisions using strategies (e.g. relationship between multiplication and division, doubles, double and double again, half and then double, etc.) or properties of operations.3.OA.8Solve two-step word problems using any of the four operations. Represent these problems using both situation equations and/or solution equations with a letter or symbol standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding. This standard is limited to problems posed with whole numbers and having whole-number answers.3.OA.9Identify arithmetic patterns (including patterns in the addition table or multiplication table), and explain them using properties of operations. For example, observe that 4 times a number is always even, and explain why 4 times a number can be decomposed into two equal addends.
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