Statistics & Probability (S)
PrintStatistics & Probability covers four strands: Statistical Questions, Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Probability. Students learn to formulate statistical questions, design studies, and evaluate sampling methods, then analyze distributions using measures of center, spread, and graphical displays. Probability covers both theoretical and experimental contexts, including sampling distributions and the foundations of inference.
Example Problems
A restaurant states that no more than 10% of its takeout orders are prepared incorrectly. A food blogger thinks the true error rate is higher. They sample recent orders to investigate.
Let represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.
State the null hypothesis, , for this test.
Let represent the proportion of incorrect takeout orders.
State the null hypothesis, , for this test.
The parks department will repaint 5 of 50 trail markers. They number the markers and use the random digit table printed below to choose a simple random sample.
Which markers are in the sample?
Which markers are in the sample?
A tech company advertises that the average time it takes for a new laptop to fully start up is 20 minutes. An independent lab believes it starts up faster on average. They sample users to test the claim.
Let represent the mean startup time.
State the alternative hypothesis, , for this test.
Let represent the mean startup time.
State the alternative hypothesis, , for this test.
Priya was testing versus with a sample of 12 observations. Her test statistic was . Assume that the conditions for inference were met.
What is the approximate P-value for Priya's test?
Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.
What is the approximate P-value for Priya's test?
Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.
An animal shelter recorded details about dogs available for adoption.
Who or what are the individuals in this data set?
| Dog | Age (years) | Weight (lb) | Breed | Shots? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buddy | 4 | 52 | mixed | yes |
| Luna | 1 | 18 | terrier | no |
| Duke | 7 | 68 | labrador | yes |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Who or what are the individuals in this data set?

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