Calculate probabilities and apply probability concepts to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

9.4.3.1Select and apply counting procedures, such as the multiplication and addition principles and tree diagrams, to determine the size of a sample space (the number of possible outcomes) and to calculate probabilities.9.4.3.2Calculate experimental probabilities by performing simulations or experiments involving a probability model and using relative frequencies of outcomes.9.4.3.3Understand that the Law of Large Numbers expresses a relationship between the probabilities in a probability model and the experimental probabilities found by performing simulations or experiments involving the model.9.4.3.4Use random numbers generated by a calculator or a spreadsheet, or taken from a table, to perform probability simulations and to introduce fairness into decision making.9.4.3.5Apply probability concepts such as intersections, unions and complements of events, and conditional probability and independence, to calculate probabilities and solve problems.9.4.3.6Describe the concepts of intersections, unions and complements using Venn diagrams. Understand the relationships between these concepts and the words AND, OR, NOT, as used in computerized searches and spreadsheets.9.4.3.7Understand and use simple probability formulas involving intersections, unions and complements of events.9.4.3.8Apply probability concepts to real-world situations to make informed decisions.9.4.3.9Use the relationship between conditional probabilities and relative frequencies in contingency tables.
Example Problems
A bag contains 9 blue candies, 7 red candies and 5 green candies.
A candy is chosen from the bag at random.

Find the probability that the candy is:
Not Orange
A letter is selected at random from the word F I B O N A C C I.

Find the probability that the letter is:
Not A
Write your answer as a fraction or as a decimal rounded to the nearest hundredth.
A bag contains 9 blue candies, 7 red candies and 5 green candies.
A candy is chosen from the bag at random.

Find the probability that the candy is:
Yellow
Goblins

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