A1.36.a

Aggregate data from several groups to find an overall association between two categorical variables.

Example Problems
A retailer wondered whether preferred payment method depended on age group. They surveyed a random sample of 270 customers. Here are the outcomes and partial results of a chi-square test (expected counts appear below observed counts):

Age GroupCashCardMobileTotal
Under 3020403090
(Expected)254520
Age 30–54257020115
(Expected)31.957.525.6
Age 55+30251065
(Expected)18.132.514.4
Total7513560270


They want to use these results to carry out a
test of independence. Assume that all conditions for inference were met.

What is the value of the
test statistic for their test?
A nutrition researcher wondered whether preference for spicy food was related to diet type. They surveyed a random sample of 210 adults. Here are the outcomes and partial results of a chi-square test (expected counts appear below observed counts):

Diet TypeLikes spicyDoes not like spicyNot sureTotal
Vegetarian 20
(29.1), 30
(22.3), 10
(8.6), 60
Omnivore 70
(58.3), 35
(44.6), 15
(17.1), 120
Vegan 12
(14.6), 13
(11.1), 5
(4.3), 30
Total1027830210


They want to use these results to carry out a
test of independence. Assume that all conditions for inference were met.

What is the value of the
test statistic for their test?
A city council wondered whether residents' recycling habits differed by housing type. They surveyed a random sample of 180 residents. Here are the outcomes and partial results of a chi-square test (expected counts appear below observed counts):

CategoryApartmentSingle-familyCondoTotal
Recycles regularly (observed)506020130
Recycles regularly (expected)54.254.221.7
Does not recycle regularly (observed)25151050
Does not recycle regularly (expected)20.820.88.3
Total757530180


They want to use these results to carry out a
test of independence. Assume that all conditions for inference were met.

What is the value of the
test statistic for their test?
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